Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Earth Rampart

The absence or presence of earth ramparts as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
earth_rampart The absence or presence of earth rampart for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Earth Rampart Description   Edit
291
(Jenne-jeno IV)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno IV is assumed.
[900, 1300]
absent
None
292
(Mali Empire)
Full Year Range of Mali Empire is assumed.
[1230, 1410]
present
None
293
(Funan II)
Full Year Range of Funan II is assumed.
[540, 640]
present
None
294
(Bronze Age Cambodia)
Full Year Range of Bronze Age Cambodia is assumed.
[-1200, -501]
present
None
295
(Bronze Age Cambodia)
Full Year Range of Bronze Age Cambodia is assumed.
[-500, 224]
present
None
296
(Oaxaca - San Jose)
Full Year Range of Oaxaca - San Jose is assumed.
[-1150, -700]
unknown
None
297
(Andronovo)
Full Year Range of Andronovo is assumed.
[-1800, -1200]
present
None
298
(Bamana kingdom)
Full Year Range of Bamana kingdom is assumed.
[1712, 1861]
present
None
299
(Jenne-jeno II)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno II is assumed.
[50, 399]
absent
None
300
(Jenne-jeno IV)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno IV is assumed.
[900, 1300]
present
None
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