Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Earth Rampart

The absence or presence of earth ramparts as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
earth_rampart The absence or presence of earth rampart for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Earth Rampart Description   Edit
171
(Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II is assumed.
[900, 1049]
present
None
172
(Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I is assumed.
[750, 900]
present
None
173
(Khanate of Bukhara)
Full Year Range of Khanate of Bukhara is assumed.
[1599, 1747]
unknown
None
174
(Samanid Empire)
Full Year Range of Samanid Empire is assumed.
[819, 999]
present
None
175
(Himyar I)
Full Year Range of Himyar I is assumed.
[270, 340]
present
None
176
(Greco-Bactrian Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom is assumed.
[-256, -125]
present
None
177
(Hephthalites)
Full Year Range of Hephthalites is assumed.
[408, 561]
present
None
178
(Kushan Empire)
Full Year Range of Kushan Empire is assumed.
[35, 319]
present
None
179
(Eastern Han Empire)
Full Year Range of Eastern Han Empire is assumed.
[25, 220]
present
None
180
(Monte Alban II)
Full Year Range of Monte Alban II is assumed.
[-100, 200]
present
None
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