Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Earth Rampart

The absence or presence of earth ramparts as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
earth_rampart The absence or presence of earth rampart for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Earth Rampart Description   Edit
181
(Hmong - Late Qing)
Full Year Range of Hmong - Late Qing is assumed.
[1701, 1895]
present
None
182
(Longshan)
Full Year Range of Longshan is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
present
None
183
(Northern Song)
Full Year Range of Northern Song is assumed.
[960, 1127]
present
None
184
(Northern Wei)
Full Year Range of Northern Wei is assumed.
[386, 534]
present
None
185
(Late Qing)
Full Year Range of Late Qing is assumed.
[1796, 1912]
present
None
186
(Sui Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Sui Dynasty is assumed.
[581, 618]
present
None
187
(Tang Dynasty I)
Full Year Range of Tang Dynasty I is assumed.
[617, 763]
present
None
188
(Tang Dynasty II)
Full Year Range of Tang Dynasty II is assumed.
[763, 907]
present
None
189
(Western Han Empire)
Full Year Range of Western Han Empire is assumed.
[-202, 9]
present
None
190
(Western Zhou)
Full Year Range of Western Zhou is assumed.
[-1122, -771]
present
None
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