Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
41
(Hallstatt C)
Full Year Range of Hallstatt C is assumed.
[-700, -600]
absent
None
42
(Hallstatt D)
Full Year Range of Hallstatt D is assumed.
[-600, -475]
absent
None
43
(Early Merovingian)
Full Year Range of Early Merovingian is assumed.
[481, 543]
unknown
None
44
(Proto-Carolingian)
Full Year Range of Proto-Carolingian is assumed.
[687, 751]
unknown
None
45
(Middle Merovingian)
Full Year Range of Middle Merovingian is assumed.
[543, 687]
unknown
None
46
(La Tene A-B1)
Full Year Range of La Tene A-B1 is assumed.
[-475, -325]
absent
None
47
(La Tene B2-C1)
Full Year Range of La Tene B2-C1 is assumed.
[-325, -175]
unknown
None
48
(Akan - Pre-Ashanti)
Full Year Range of Akan - Pre-Ashanti is assumed.
[1501, 1701]
absent
None
49
(Classical Crete)
Full Year Range of Classical Crete is assumed.
[-500, -323]
present
None
50
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
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