Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
191
(Cahokia - Middle Woodland)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Middle Woodland is assumed.
[-150, 300]
unknown
None
192
(Cahokia - Late Woodland III)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland III is assumed.
[600, 750]
unknown
None
193
(Cahokia - Late Woodland I)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland I is assumed.
[300, 450]
absent
None
194
(Oneota)
Full Year Range of Oneota is assumed.
[1400, 1650]
unknown
None
195
(Himyar II)
Full Year Range of Himyar II is assumed.
[378, 525]
unknown
None
196
(Yemen - Late Bronze Age)
Full Year Range of Yemen - Late Bronze Age is assumed.
[-1200, -801]
absent
None
197
(Neolithic Yemen)
Full Year Range of Neolithic Yemen is assumed.
[-3500, -1201]
unknown
None
198
(Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty is assumed.
[1637, 1805]
unknown
None
199
(Rasulid Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Rasulid Dynasty is assumed.
[1229, 1453]
unknown
None
200
(Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan)
Full Year Range of Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan is assumed.
[-110, 149]
unknown
None
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