Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
201
(Yemen - Era of Warlords)
Full Year Range of Yemen - Era of Warlords is assumed.
[1038, 1174]
unknown
None
202
(Yemen Ziyad Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Yemen Ziyad Dynasty is assumed.
[822, 1037]
unknown
None
203
(Durrani Empire)
Full Year Range of Durrani Empire is assumed.
[1747, 1826]
present
None
204
(Ghur Principality)
Full Year Range of Ghur Principality is assumed.
[1025, 1215]
present
None
205
(Greco-Bactrian Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom is assumed.
[-256, -125]
present
None
206
(Hephthalites)
Full Year Range of Hephthalites is assumed.
[408, 561]
unknown
None
207
(Kushan Empire)
Full Year Range of Kushan Empire is assumed.
[35, 319]
present
None
208
(Erligang)
Full Year Range of Erligang is assumed.
[-1650, -1250]
present
None
209
(Erlitou)
Full Year Range of Erlitou is assumed.
[-1850, -1600]
absent
None
210
(Hmong - Late Qing)
Full Year Range of Hmong - Late Qing is assumed.
[1701, 1895]
absent
None
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