Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
181
(Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic is assumed.
[-7000, -6600]
absent
None
182
(Konya Plain - Early Neolithic)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Early Neolithic is assumed.
[-9600, -7000]
absent
None
183
(Konya Plain - Late Neolithic)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Late Neolithic is assumed.
[-6600, -6000]
absent
None
184
(Ottoman Empire II)
Full Year Range of Ottoman Empire II is assumed.
[1517, 1683]
present
None
185
(Phrygian Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Phrygian Kingdom is assumed.
[-900, -695]
present
None
186
(Roman Empire - Dominate)
Full Year Range of Roman Empire - Dominate is assumed.
[285, 394]
present
None
187
(Tabal Kingdoms)
Full Year Range of Tabal Kingdoms is assumed.
[-900, -730]
present
None
188
(Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period)
Full Year Range of Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period is assumed.
[1778, 1819]
absent
None
189
(Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II is assumed.
[900, 1049]
absent
None
190
(Cahokia - Late Woodland II)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland II is assumed.
[450, 600]
absent
None
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