Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
171
(Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period)
Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period is assumed.
[-1800, -1300]
absent
None
172
(Sakha - Late)
Full Year Range of Sakha - Late is assumed.
[1632, 1900]
absent
None
173
(Umayyad Caliphate)
Full Year Range of Umayyad Caliphate is assumed.
[661, 750]
present
None
174
(Ayutthaya)
Full Year Range of Ayutthaya is assumed.
[1593, 1767]
unknown
None
175
(Rattanakosin)
Full Year Range of Rattanakosin is assumed.
[1782, 1873]
unknown
None
176
(Fatimid Caliphate)
Full Year Range of Fatimid Caliphate is assumed.
[909, 1171]
present
None
177
(Byzantine Empire I)
Full Year Range of Byzantine Empire I is assumed.
[632, 866]
present
None
178
(Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic is assumed.
[-6000, -5500]
absent
None
179
(East Roman Empire)
Full Year Range of East Roman Empire is assumed.
[395, 631]
present
None
180
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
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