Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
161
(Chagatai Khanate)
Full Year Range of Chagatai Khanate is assumed.
[1263, 1402]
unknown
None
162
(Khanate of Bukhara)
Full Year Range of Khanate of Bukhara is assumed.
[1599, 1747]
unknown
None
163
(Koktepe I)
Full Year Range of Koktepe I is assumed.
[-1400, -1000]
unknown
None
164
(Koktepe II)
Full Year Range of Koktepe II is assumed.
[-750, -550]
unknown
None
165
(Late Formative Basin of Mexico)
Full Year Range of Late Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-400, -101]
absent
None
166
(Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico)
Full Year Range of Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-100, 99]
absent
None
167
(Oaxaca - Tierras Largas)
Full Year Range of Oaxaca - Tierras Largas is assumed.
[-1400, -1150]
unknown
None
168
(Cuzco - Early Intermediate II)
Full Year Range of Cuzco - Early Intermediate II is assumed.
[500, 649]
absent
None
169
(Cuzco - Late Formative)
Full Year Range of Cuzco - Late Formative is assumed.
[-500, 200]
absent
None
170
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
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