| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polity | The Seshat Polity ID |
| Year(s) | The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE] |
| Tag | [Evidenced, Disputed, Suspected, Inferred, Unknown] |
| Verified | A Seshat Expert has approved this piece of data. |
| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| bridge | The absence or presence of bridge for a polity. |
| # | Polity | Year(s) | Bridge | Description | Edit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 101 |
(Yisrael) |
Full Year Range of Yisrael is assumed. [-1030, -722] |
absent |
Probably absent according to Dorsey.§REF§Dorsey (1991).§REF§ | |
| 102 |
(Kampili Kingdom) |
Full Year Range of Kampili Kingdom is assumed. [1280, 1327] |
unknown |
Likely had the ability to construct bridges. | |
| 103 |
(Magadha - Maurya Empire) |
Full Year Range of Magadha - Maurya Empire is assumed. [-324, -187] |
present |
The Royal road must have crossed some streams or rivers and required bridge-building. | |
| 104 |
(Vijayanagara Empire) |
Full Year Range of Vijayanagara Empire is assumed. [1336, 1646] |
present |
§REF§Burton Stein, The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara (1990), p. 34§REF§ | |
| 105 |
(Isin-Larsa) |
Full Year Range of Isin-Larsa is assumed. [-2004, -1763] |
present |
"Routes were often dictated by the location of oases, mountain passes, and river crossings, by bridge, ford, or ferry."EXTERNAL_INLINE_REFERENCE: ;(McIntosh 2005: 139) McIntosh, J. 2005. Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspective. Santa Barbara: ABC Clio. Seshat URL: EXTERNAL_INLINE_LINK: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/KK2E3KMD .; | |
| 106 |
(Ilkhanate) |
Full Year Range of Ilkhanate is assumed. [1256, 1339] |
present |
It is not stated in the sources that the Ilkhans destroyed all the bridges in Persia and this would be unlikely due to the importance of bridges to trade. Ghazan tried to improve security on the roads§REF§(Morgan 2015, 75) Morgan, David. 2015. Medieval Persia 1040-1797. Routledge.§REF§ and may have built or maintained bridges. | |
| 107 |
(Elam III) |
Full Year Range of Elam III is assumed. [-612, -539] |
present |
"Other major administrative achievements of the Elamites included ... the construction and maintenance of numerous public works and enterprises, such as roads, bridges, cities and towns, communication centers, and economic and commercial centers"§REF§(Farazmand 2009, 22) Farazmand, Ali. 2009. Bureaucracy and Administration. CRC Press. Boca Raton.§REF§ | |
| 108 |
(Safavid Empire) |
Full Year Range of Safavid Empire is assumed. [1501, 1722] |
present |
e.g. Khaju Bridge built by Shah ʿAbbās II over the Zayanderud at Isfahan §REF§Rudi Matthee ‘SAFAVID DYNASTY’http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/safavids§REF§ | |
| 109 |
(Icelandic Commonwealth) |
Full Year Range of Icelandic Commonwealth is assumed. [930, 1262] |
absent |
'Maintaining bridges (and also ferries) was the duty of the neighbouring farmer, not the state.' §REF§Árni Daniel Júlíusson and Axel Kristissen 2017, pers. comm. to E. Brandl and D. Mullins§REF§ | |