Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Earth Rampart

The absence or presence of earth ramparts as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
earth_rampart The absence or presence of earth rampart for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Earth Rampart Description   Edit
121
(Jenne-jeno I)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno I is assumed.
[-250, 49]
absent
None
122
(Jenne-jeno III)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno III is assumed.
[400, 899]
absent
None
123
(Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty is assumed.
[1493, 1591]
present
None
124
(Eastern Turk Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Eastern Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[583, 630]
absent
None
125
(Second Turk Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Second Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[682, 744]
absent
None
126
(Later Wagadu Empire)
Full Year Range of Later Wagadu Empire is assumed.
[1078, 1203]
present
None
127
(Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico)
Full Year Range of Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-100, 99]
unknown
None
128
(Elymais II)
Full Year Range of Elymais II is assumed.
[25, 215]
unknown
None
129
(Late Formative Basin of Mexico)
Full Year Range of Late Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-400, -101]
unknown
None
130
(Monte Alban II)
Full Year Range of Monte Alban II is assumed.
[-100, 200]
present
None
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