Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Military use of Metals

Copper

The absence or presence of copper as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
copper The absence or presence of copper for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Copper Description   Edit
21
(Jin)
Full Year Range of Jin is assumed.
[-780, -404]
present
None
22
(Longshan)
Full Year Range of Longshan is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
present
None
23
(Northern Song)
Full Year Range of Northern Song is assumed.
[960, 1127]
present
None
24
(Early Qing)
Full Year Range of Early Qing is assumed.
[1644, 1796]
present
None
25
(Late Shang)
Full Year Range of Late Shang is assumed.
[-1250, -1045]
present
None
26
(Early Wei Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Early Wei Dynasty is assumed.
[-445, -225]
present
None
27
(Western Han Empire)
Full Year Range of Western Han Empire is assumed.
[-202, 9]
present
None
28
(Western Zhou)
Full Year Range of Western Zhou is assumed.
[-1122, -771]
present
None
29
(Yangshao)
Full Year Range of Yangshao is assumed.
[-5000, -3000]
absent
None
30
(Neolithic Crete)
Full Year Range of Neolithic Crete is assumed.
[-7000, -3000]
absent
None
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