Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Military use of Metals

Copper

The absence or presence of copper as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
copper The absence or presence of copper for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Copper Description   Edit
11
(Kingdom of Ayodhya)
Full Year Range of Kingdom of Ayodhya is assumed.
[-64, 34]
present
None
12
(Chalukyas of Kalyani)
Full Year Range of Chalukyas of Kalyani is assumed.
[973, 1189]
present
None
13
(Greco-Bactrian Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom is assumed.
[-256, -125]
present
None
14
(Hephthalites)
Full Year Range of Hephthalites is assumed.
[408, 561]
present
None
15
(Prepalatial Crete)
Full Year Range of Prepalatial Crete is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
unknown
None
16
(Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period is assumed.
[868, 969]
absent
None
17
(Western Jin)
Full Year Range of Western Jin is assumed.
[265, 317]
present
None
18
(Eastern Han Empire)
Full Year Range of Eastern Han Empire is assumed.
[25, 220]
present
None
19
(Erligang)
Full Year Range of Erligang is assumed.
[-1650, -1250]
present
None
20
(Neolithic Crete)
Full Year Range of Neolithic Crete is assumed.
[-7000, -3000]
absent
None
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