Objects

and 39 more... in 10 Macro Regions.

839 Polities

Shoa Sultanate (in: East Africa) 1108 CE 1285 CE

Aro (in: West Africa) 1690 CE 1902 CE

Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan (in: Arabia) 110 BCE 149 CE

Ottoman Empire I (in: Anatolia-Caucasus) 1402 CE 1517 CE

Sukhotai (in: Mainland) 1238 CE 1419 CE

Chionites (in: Turkestan) 300 CE 388 CE

Viking settlements (in: Northern Europe) 793 CE 1000 CE

Monte Alban V Early Postclassic (in: Mexico) 900 CE 1099 CE

and 831 more... in 47 Seshat Regions.

Seshat

General Variables

26

variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

8849

datapoints

Alternative Name (Identity and Location)

Polity Peak Years (Temporal Bounds)

Polity Capital (Identity and Location)

Polity Language (Language)

Polity Religion (Religion)

Degree of Centralization (Temporal Bounds)

Succeeding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

Relationship to Preceding Entity (Supra-cultural relations)

and 18 more... for 529 Polities

Social Complexity Variables

77

variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

20458

datapoints

Polity Territory (Social Scale)

Polity Population (Social Scale)

Settlement Hierarchy (Hierarchical Complexity)

Irrigation System (Specialized Buildings: polity owned)

Merit Promotion (Bureaucracy Characteristics)

Formal Legal Code (Law)

Road (Transport Infrastructure)

Postal Station (Information / Postal System)

and 69 more... for 506 Polities

Warfare Variables

49

variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

17527

datapoints

Bronze (Military use of Metals)

Javelin (Projectiles)

Battle Axe (Handheld Weapons)

Sword (Handheld Weapons)

Horse (Animals used in warfare)

Small Vessels (canoes, etc) (Naval technology)

Shield (Armor)

Wooden Palisade (Fortifications)

and 41 more... for 373 Polities

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

357

datapoints

was Absent: 100 CE 250 CE in Xianbei Confederation

was Absent: 960 CE 1126 CE in Northern Song

was Absent: 1700 BCE 1501 BCE in Elam - Late Sukkalmah

was Present: 1700 BCE 1451 BCE in New Palace Crete

was Present: 1000 BCE 711 BCE in Geometric Crete

was Present: 1206 CE 1367 CE in Mongol Empire

was Absent: 732 CE 1019 CE in Medang Kingdom

was Absent: 450 CE 599 CE in Cahokia - Late Woodland II

and 349 more... coded for 323 Polities

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

OT Overturn

PA Predecessor Assassination

IE Intra-Elite

MR Military Revolt

PU Popular Uprising

SR Separatist Rebellion

EV External Invasion

EF External Inteference

3449

transitions

1945 CE 1949 CE in United States of America - Contemporary: Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1794 CE 1821 CE in Emirate of Harar: Ahmed ibn Muhammed Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammed OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1830 CE 1848 CE in Napoleonic France: Louis Philippe I (King of the French) Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (President of France) OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1837 CE 1858 CE in Mughal Empire: Bahadur Shah II end of polity OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

590 CE 591 CE in Sasanid Empire II: Bahram VI Khusrau II OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1697 CE 1719 CE in Kingdom of Cayor: Lat Sukaabe Isa-Tende OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1210 CE 1211 CE in Delhi Sultanate: Aram Shah Iltutmish OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

1406 CE 1415 CE in Papal States - Renaissance Period: Gregory XII (Angelo Correr) Martin V (Oddone Colonna) OV PA IE MR PU SR EV EF

and 3441 more... coded for 259 Polities

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

169

cases

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

PD Population Decline

PC Population Collapse

EP Epidemic

DM Elite Downward Mobility

EX Elite Extermination

UP Uprising

RV Revolution

SR Successful Revolution

CW Civil War

C+ Lasted a Century +

FR Fragmentation

CL Capital Loss

EC External Conquest

RA Ruler Assassination

RD Ruler Depose

CC Constitution Change

LC Labor Change

UL Unfree Labor Change

SF Suffrage

PG Public Goods Change

RC Religion Change

1200 BCE 1150 BCE in Phoenician Empire: Late Bronze Age Collapse: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

904 CE 1003 CE in Saffarid Caliphate: Civil War and downfall of Saffarids: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

494 BCE 287 BCE in Early Roman Republic: Crisis of the Orders: PD PC EP DM EX UP CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

570 BCE 525 BCE in Egypt - Saite Period: Fall of Twenty-sixth Dynasty: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

523 CE 535 CE in Northern Wei: Rebellions and Civil War: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1838 CE 1858 CE in Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial: Colonial occupation of Sarawak by the Brooke family ("White Rajahs"): PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1221 CE 1232 CE in Kamakura Shogunate: Jōkyū Civil War: PD PC EP DM EX UP RV CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

1590 CE 1610 CE in Ottoman Empire II: First Jelali rebellion: PD PC EP DM EX UP SR CW C+ FR CL EC RA RD CC LC UL SF PG RC

and 161 more... coded for 153 Polities

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

1903

cases

Aug. 1, 1863 riot (section) in Iowa (IA), South English, Keokuk: 3 were killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

July 1, 1857 lynching (extralegal) in Iowa (IA), Jones: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

Jan. 1, 1958 terrorism () in Nebraska (NE): 11 were killed. Source(s): The New York Times

Aug. 1, 1951 terrorism (education) in Kansas (KS), Kansas City: 2 were killed. Source(s): The New York Times

Oct. 1, 2015 terrorism (education) in Oregon (OR), Roseburg: 9 were killed. Source(s): MKADB: (Mass Killings in America 2006 - present) Data from the AP-USA

March 1, 1965 riot () in UNKNOWN (UNK), Selma: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

July 1, 1862 riot (race) in Indiana (IN), New Albany: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

June 1, 1857 lynching (extralegal) in Iowa (IA), Cedar: 1 was killed. Source(s): Paul A. Gilje, Riots In The United States

and 1895 more...

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

47

Seshat Regions

839

Polities

Seshat

General Variables

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

Social Complexity Variables

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

Warfare Variables

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

Human Sacrifice

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

Power Transitions

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis Consequences

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

🇺🇸 US Political Violence Database

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Welcome to

Seshat: Global History Databank

✓ the most current and comprehensive body of knowledge about human history

✓ collects what is currently known about the social and political organization of human societies over time

✓ offers the means to study the past through well-established scientific techniques

✓ founded in 2011 and thriving ever since

Objects

Seshat

in categories: Identity and Location, Temporal Bounds, Language, Religion, Supra-cultural relations

in categories: Social Scale, Hierarchical Complexity, Professions, Bureaucracy Characteristics, Law, Specialized Buildings: polity owned, Transport Infrastructure, Special-purpose Sites, Information

in categories: Fortifications, Military use of Metals, Projectiles, Handheld weapons, Animals used in warfare, Armor, Naval technology

The deliberate and ritualized killing of a person to please or placate supernatural entities (including gods, spirits, and ancestors) or gain other supernatural benefits.

CrisisDB

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by: tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods

absent present inferred absent inferred present suspected unknown unknown are coded for:

✓ coded for Date, Type, Subtype(s), Location(s), Fatalities, etc

Crisis periods are defined as periods of turmoil within a polity duration. We measure this turmoil by:

tracking known destabilizing events such as major revolts, civil violence, and institutional reform; and

following established scholarship which identifies such crisis periods