Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Stone Walls Non Mortared

The absence or presence of stone walls (non-mortared) as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
stone_walls_non_mortared The absence or presence of stone walls non mortared for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Stone Walls Non Mortared Description   Edit
151
(Mali Empire)
Full Year Range of Mali Empire is assumed.
[1230, 1410]
absent
None
152
(Eastern Turk Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Eastern Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[583, 630]
absent
None
153
(Second Turk Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Second Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[682, 744]
absent
None
154
(Early Xiongnu)
Full Year Range of Early Xiongnu is assumed.
[-1400, -300]
unknown
None
155
(Late Xiongnu)
Full Year Range of Late Xiongnu is assumed.
[-60, 100]
unknown
None
156
(Zungharian Empire)
Full Year Range of Zungharian Empire is assumed.
[1670, 1757]
unknown
None
157
(Later Wagadu Empire)
Full Year Range of Later Wagadu Empire is assumed.
[1078, 1203]
unknown
None
158
(Middle Wagadu Empire)
Full Year Range of Middle Wagadu Empire is assumed.
[700, 1077]
unknown
None
159
(Cuzco - Early Intermediate II)
Full Year Range of Cuzco - Early Intermediate II is assumed.
[500, 649]
unknown
None
160
(Prepalatial Crete)
Full Year Range of Prepalatial Crete is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
present
None
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