Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Earth Rampart

The absence or presence of earth ramparts as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
earth_rampart The absence or presence of earth rampart for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Earth Rampart Description   Edit
81
(Abbasid Caliphate II)
Full Year Range of Abbasid Caliphate II is assumed.
[1191, 1258]
present
None
82
(Akkadian Empire)
Full Year Range of Akkadian Empire is assumed.
[-2270, -2083]
unknown
None
83
(Second Dynasty of Isin)
Full Year Range of Second Dynasty of Isin is assumed.
[-1153, -1027]
present
None
84
(Ubaid)
Full Year Range of Ubaid is assumed.
[-5500, -4201]
absent
None
85
(Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar)
Full Year Range of Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar is assumed.
[-7000, -6000]
unknown
None
86
(Susiana B)
Full Year Range of Susiana B is assumed.
[-5700, -5100]
unknown
None
87
(Parthian Empire I)
Full Year Range of Parthian Empire I is assumed.
[-247, 40]
present
None
88
(Safavid Empire)
Full Year Range of Safavid Empire is assumed.
[1501, 1722]
present
None
89
(Sasanid Empire I)
Full Year Range of Sasanid Empire I is assumed.
[205, 487]
present
None
90
(Great Ming)
Full Year Range of Great Ming is assumed.
[1368, 1644]
present
None
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