Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Earth Rampart

The absence or presence of earth ramparts as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
earth_rampart The absence or presence of earth rampart for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Earth Rampart Description   Edit
361
(Peiligang)
Full Year Range of Peiligang is assumed.
[-7000, -5001]
unknown
None
362
(Badarian)
Full Year Range of Badarian is assumed.
[-4400, -3800]
absent
None
363
(Egypt - Dynasty II)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty II is assumed.
[-2900, -2687]
present
None
364
(Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period is assumed.
[-404, -342]
unknown
None
365
(Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I is assumed.
[1260, 1348]
present
None
366
(Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III is assumed.
[1412, 1517]
present
None
367
(Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II is assumed.
[1348, 1412]
present
None
368
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
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