Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Earth Rampart

The absence or presence of earth ramparts as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
earth_rampart The absence or presence of earth rampart for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Earth Rampart Description   Edit
341
(Early Illinois Confederation)
Full Year Range of Early Illinois Confederation is assumed.
[1640, 1717]
absent
None
342
(Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late)
Full Year Range of Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late is assumed.
[1714, 1848]
absent
None
343
(Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy)
Full Year Range of Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy is assumed.
[1300, 1565]
present
None
344
(Oneota)
Full Year Range of Oneota is assumed.
[1400, 1650]
unknown
None
345
(Cahokia - Early Woodland)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Early Woodland is assumed.
[-600, -150]
absent
None
346
(Cahokia - Late Woodland II)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland II is assumed.
[450, 600]
absent
None
347
(Yemen - Late Bronze Age)
Full Year Range of Yemen - Late Bronze Age is assumed.
[-1200, -801]
present
None
348
(Cahokia - Middle Woodland)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Middle Woodland is assumed.
[-150, 300]
absent
None
349
(Cahokia - Late Woodland III)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland III is assumed.
[600, 750]
absent
None
350
(Cahokia - Late Woodland I)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland I is assumed.
[300, 450]
absent
None
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