Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Earth Rampart

The absence or presence of earth ramparts as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
earth_rampart The absence or presence of earth rampart for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Earth Rampart Description   Edit
141
(Ottoman Empire III)
Full Year Range of Ottoman Empire III is assumed.
[1683, 1839]
present
None
142
(Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling is assumed.
[1055, 1199]
absent
None
143
(Cahokia - Moorehead)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Moorehead is assumed.
[1200, 1274]
absent
None
144
(Cahokia - Sand Prairie)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Sand Prairie is assumed.
[1275, 1400]
absent
None
145
(Koktepe I)
Full Year Range of Koktepe I is assumed.
[-1400, -1000]
unknown
None
146
(Koktepe II)
Full Year Range of Koktepe II is assumed.
[-750, -550]
unknown
None
147
(Sogdiana - City-States Period)
Full Year Range of Sogdiana - City-States Period is assumed.
[604, 711]
unknown
None
148
(Neolithic Yemen)
Full Year Range of Neolithic Yemen is assumed.
[-3500, -1201]
unknown
None
149
(Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty is assumed.
[1637, 1805]
unknown
None
150
(Monte Alban II)
Full Year Range of Monte Alban II is assumed.
[-100, 200]
present
None
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