Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
221
(Western Zhou)
Full Year Range of Western Zhou is assumed.
[-1122, -771]
present
None
222
(Tairona)
Full Year Range of Tairona is assumed.
[1050, 1524]
absent
None
223
(Shuar - Ecuadorian)
Full Year Range of Shuar - Ecuadorian is assumed.
[1831, 1931]
absent
None
224
(Badarian)
Full Year Range of Badarian is assumed.
[-4400, -3800]
absent
None
225
(La Tene C2-D)
Full Year Range of La Tene C2-D is assumed.
[-175, -27]
present
None
226
(Egypt - Dynasty I)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty I is assumed.
[-3100, -2900]
absent
None
227
(Egypt - Dynasty II)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty II is assumed.
[-2900, -2687]
present
None
228
(Egypt - Middle Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Middle Kingdom is assumed.
[-2016, -1700]
present
None
229
(Naqada II)
Full Year Range of Naqada II is assumed.
[-3550, -3300]
absent
None
230
(Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period)
Full Year Range of Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period is assumed.
[-1293, -1070]
present
None
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