Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
211
(Longshan)
Full Year Range of Longshan is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
present
None
212
(Great Ming)
Full Year Range of Great Ming is assumed.
[1368, 1644]
present
None
213
(Northern Song)
Full Year Range of Northern Song is assumed.
[960, 1127]
present
None
214
(Timurid Empire)
Full Year Range of Timurid Empire is assumed.
[1370, 1526]
present
None
215
(Northern Wei)
Full Year Range of Northern Wei is assumed.
[386, 534]
present
None
216
(Early Qing)
Full Year Range of Early Qing is assumed.
[1644, 1796]
present
None
217
(Sui Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Sui Dynasty is assumed.
[581, 618]
present
None
218
(Tang Dynasty I)
Full Year Range of Tang Dynasty I is assumed.
[617, 763]
present
None
219
(Tang Dynasty II)
Full Year Range of Tang Dynasty II is assumed.
[763, 907]
present
None
220
(Early Wei Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Early Wei Dynasty is assumed.
[-445, -225]
present
None
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