Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
151
(Byzantine Empire II)
Full Year Range of Byzantine Empire II is assumed.
[867, 1072]
present
None
152
(Byzantine Empire III)
Full Year Range of Byzantine Empire III is assumed.
[1073, 1204]
present
None
153
(Late Cappadocia)
Full Year Range of Late Cappadocia is assumed.
[-322, -93]
unknown
None
154
(Ottoman Emirate)
Full Year Range of Ottoman Emirate is assumed.
[1299, 1402]
present
None
155
(Ottoman Empire III)
Full Year Range of Ottoman Empire III is assumed.
[1683, 1839]
absent
None
156
(Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling is assumed.
[1055, 1199]
absent
None
157
(Cahokia - Moorehead)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Moorehead is assumed.
[1200, 1274]
absent
None
158
(Cahokia - Early Woodland)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Early Woodland is assumed.
[-600, -150]
unknown
None
159
(Cahokia - Sand Prairie)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Sand Prairie is assumed.
[1275, 1400]
absent
None
160
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
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