Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
121
(Susa II)
Full Year Range of Susa II is assumed.
[-3800, -3100]
absent
None
122
(Susa III)
Full Year Range of Susa III is assumed.
[-3100, -2675]
absent
None
123
(Icelandic Commonwealth)
Full Year Range of Icelandic Commonwealth is assumed.
[930, 1262]
absent
None
124
(Rome - Republic of St Peter II)
Full Year Range of Rome - Republic of St Peter II is assumed.
[904, 1198]
present
None
125
(Papal States - High Medieval Period)
Full Year Range of Papal States - High Medieval Period is assumed.
[1198, 1309]
present
None
126
(Middle Roman Republic)
Full Year Range of Middle Roman Republic is assumed.
[-264, -133]
unknown
None
127
(Asuka)
Full Year Range of Asuka is assumed.
[538, 710]
absent
None
128
(British Empire II)
Full Year Range of British Empire II is assumed.
[1850, 1968]
unknown
None
129
(Japan - Initial Jomon)
Full Year Range of Japan - Initial Jomon is assumed.
[-9200, -5300]
absent
None
130
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
Copyright © 2024, Seshat: Global History Databank.
Stay in touch with us: