Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
101
(Late Roman Republic)
Full Year Range of Late Roman Republic is assumed.
[-133, -31]
unknown
None
102
(Roman Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Roman Kingdom is assumed.
[-716, -509]
unknown
None
103
(Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity)
Full Year Range of Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity is assumed.
[395, 476]
present
None
104
(Republic of St Peter I)
Full Year Range of Republic of St Peter I is assumed.
[711, 904]
unknown
None
105
(Republic of Venice III)
Full Year Range of Republic of Venice III is assumed.
[1204, 1563]
unknown
None
106
(Republic of Venice IV)
Full Year Range of Republic of Venice IV is assumed.
[1564, 1797]
unknown
None
107
(Bronze Age Cambodia)
Full Year Range of Bronze Age Cambodia is assumed.
[-1200, -501]
unknown
None
108
(Bronze Age Cambodia)
Full Year Range of Bronze Age Cambodia is assumed.
[-500, 224]
unknown
None
109
(Phoenician Empire)
Full Year Range of Phoenician Empire is assumed.
[-1200, -332]
unknown
None
110
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
Copyright © 2024, Seshat: Global History Databank.
Stay in touch with us: